Franz Kafka :: essays research papers

Franz Kafka was different, a man bent on portraying changes everywhere. Kafka was also a man consumed by death, consumed by the fact that he might eventually die. One man who was greatly affected by his fathers negligence of him, and a social deviance about him which held him back from interaction. Such a man was so afraid about what society thought of his writing, that he never widely published his works, and even asked a friend to burn all manuscripts. Not only was Kafka Jewish, he resented this fact. Once Kafka even stated that “Sometimes I’d like to stuff all Jews (myself included) into a drawer of a laundry basket-then open it to see if they’ve suffocated.'; As anyone can see, Kafka was enormously enticed by death, and the fact that he greatly disliked his own cultural status, and even his family. Even though, this man was one accompanied by great wisdom, which was shown in the writing of Metamorphosis. Kafka was a political genius who showed all his political beliefs through his one great work, Metamorphosis. All of the experiences in Kafka’s life are portrayed through Gregor, a person who wished he was dead at the end of Kafka’s words. Distant from the poor, meager, and mostly un-vivacious reality of life and it’s hardships stands one man, Gregor, a provider of financial resources for his family. Such a young man is making his way in society, and the world in general. Through Gregor’s successes, and his almost workaholic attitude, he has suffered into prospering. Prosperity is an awkward word, for it is one which not only describes a persons wealth, though also his downfalls. The great undoing of prosperity shows itself in Gregor as he becomes a monster, one created by Anti-Marxist society. Since Gregor’s is a society which eventually shuns him, and his great mind for one fact. A fact that I wish to prove, through gazing at the society created in Kafka’s mind. However, a fact that has worth in studying because of it’s multi-faceted grooves and perceptions of society. In taking a glance at Kafka’s complex society, one must also see his society as an extension of Gregor. A person must first look at the meaning of Gregor’s name in German, and its derivation into English. The name Gregor is closely associated to “Gregariously';, which refers to a sociable and jovial mindset.

Trademarks lost in computer crash

Among articles specifically related to fields of e-business and intellectual property that abound in the Internet I found one which I believe is very interesting and at the same time very indicative of possible legal issues that may arise in those fields.This is the article from The Royal Gazette titled â€Å"Trademarks lost in computer crash†. This article describes an accident which happened with the computerized Trademark Registry in Bermuda, which is an island Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom situated in the Atlantic Ocean with internal self-governance. What makes Bermuda special is that it is known as one of the most important offshore financial centers of the world.More specifically, the article in The Royal Gazette reports about the computer database crash which caused the loss of records about approximately half of the 37000 trademarks registered in Bermuda, discusses ensuing consequences of this mishap, and mentions some legal issues and troubles that arose fr om this apparently unexpected event.In general, one of the accents that the article makes is on the mess that accompanied the problems with the computer hardware and the corresponding suspension of activities in the large trademark sector of Bermuda.Interestingly, the author of the article pays attention also to the roots of the technical problem itself, and mentions facts which suggest an involvement of a human factor as one of the causes of the problem.Now, among legal business issues raised in the article we may identify the following ones. Firstly, since for a prolonged period of time registration of new trademarks was suspended and because the whole trademark sector wholly relies upon the Trademark Registry, lawyers who represented companies with trademarks registered in the Trademark Registry in Bermuda could not be sure that their intellectual property had been protected or that no conflicting marks or infringements on property would emerge after the manual recovery of the da tabase.At the same time, the article draws our attention to the fact that the computer crash, while being a gross embarrassment for Government which has been promoting Bermuda as a leading centre of e-business and intellectual property, also serves as an example of what types of encumbrances e-business may encounter from time to time.Indeed, if such an accident has happened once, it may happen as well in other countries, and as the author of the article points out that trademark sectors of for instance the United States and Britain is much larger, it is easy to imagine what mess could arise there in a similar situation.In this way, one of the main legal issues that e-business faces is the creation of additional legal mechanisms which, of course along with the increased protection of important and private data, would ensure protection of intellectual property even during such crisises as the one that happened in Bermuda, and, importantly, endow participants involved into e-business a nd therefore especially susceptible to negative consequences of problems akin to the one in Bermuda with a sense of security.On ground of this, we may conclude that legal issues affect business in direct and indirect ways. For example, the suspense of related business activities during the period of time needed for the manual restoration of the database had some concrete economic costs.On the other hand, even though the problem with the computerized Trademark Registry in Bermuda was solved in a relatively fast manner this accident surely had struck a blow to the image of Bermuda. Indeed, the problems could, and for that matter should, have been avoided in the first place by merely paying more attention to the maintenance of the hard discs with the stored information, and by making sure that back-up systems worked properly.And even though I think that it is unlikely that such a problem will reoccur in the future in Bermuda, I believe that the realistic solution for the Trademark Regi stry to make most use of this trouble is not only to strengthen their computer system, but to compensate to companies, which have trademarks registered in Bermuda and which experienced inconveniences caused by the loss of data, in both a direct way, and in an indirect manner by assuring them in an increased protection of security of their intellectual property in the future.SourcesBreen, S. (2004). Trademarks lost in computer crash. Retrieved January 30, 2006, fromhttp://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20040327/NEWS/103270075.

Youth Sports and Character Development - 3975 Words

Youth Sports and Character Development Introduction Character development is not something that can be gained or developed over night. Character development is the multiple life skills that an individual builds within themself throughout their lifespan. When a person develops good character in their early years of life, they will benefit in the long run because they used the life skills they gained and put them to use, becoming a successful individual in all aspects of life. There is one thing for certain in this world, everyone wants to accomplish something in life and we want to recognize our full potential. In order to do this we must have some skills, and in this case it’s life skills. Life skills are a range of characteristics we†¦show more content†¦Ethical decision-making skills are important in our everyday lives because we are constantly making decisions on something, whether it’s deciding on what you will do on a day-to-day basis or if it’s dealing with a situation that must be resolved. Having the ability to affectively make the best decision possible for any situation by gaining ethical decision skills and putting them to use are essential for everyone. When a person is involved with sports, they are constantly learning and practicing ethical decision-making skills because there are always decisions that must be made. Whether the situation is between two teammates or dealing with calls in game situations, there are always decisions being made. Being a participant in sports, an individual obtains personal and social values and behaviors. This is where an individual builds close relationships through the experience of being apart of a team. Within the building of close relationships in sports, a person learns how to work effectively in-group settings. Individuals gain and learn the importance of handling different situations and viewing them in a strategic way when resolving a conflict. Other features of an individual having good character are honesty, integrity and ethical behavior. These characteristics are brought about through being a participant of a sport because when an athlete recognizes they are in the wrong during game play, they develop the importance of honesty. (i.e. In baseball/softball: aShow MoreRelatedCharacter Development in Youth Sports Essay2283 Words   |  10 Pagesmastering. Character traits will certainly be developed as one participates in team sports, but to attain positive character traits will require deliberate efforts by parents, adults, teammates and even leaders of the organization itself. Positive character development has been assumed by parents as they sign their children up for belonging to teams in youth sports. Yet, there are examples described by Peter Cary in an article about Fred Engh, a founder of the National Alliance for Youth Sports. InRead MoreThe Role Of Athletics Youth Development : Sports Do Not Build Character Essay2128 Words   |  9 PagesAthletics in Youth Development â€Å"Sports do not build character. They reveal it,† said John Wooden legendary UCLA basketball coach. Sports; specifically, youth sports have become a staple of today s society. Sports are much more than just a way to stay active, they have important physical, psychological and social development benefits. Children s participation in athletics is not only fun, but teaches them life skills such as teamwork, hard work, discipline, time management, and it builds character, allRead MoreEssay on Moral Development in Youth Sport1424 Words   |  6 PagesMoral Development in Youth Sports Morality can be defined as the principles that govern our behavior. These principles that we obtain during our youth and adolescent years begin to play an important part in our relationship with society. What we think, how we act, and what our beliefs are play a crucial role in our morality. Most believe that moral behavior is not something that in innate, but that it is something that is learned through observation. The concepts of fair play and sportsmanshipRead MoreThe Importance Of Contact Sports1050 Words   |  5 Pagesa life with no football, hockey, or basketball. This might be the near future if people decide that concussions are too great of a risk for our youth. Over 3 million youths play football; another million continue on to high school; only about 70,000 participate in college; and 2500 are playing professionally. One of the main concerns with contact sports are concussions. Concussions are defined as a hard blow or hit to the head, and concussions can sometimes lead to CTE, Chronic Traumatic EncephalopathyRead MoreChildren and Sports Essay1053 Words   |  5 PagesChildren who participate in sports are developing rapidly in sports skills, sportsmanship, and psychologically, but does this come from organized sports are just nature’s process. Children develop emotional and social benefits from participating in sports. Children experience character and leadership development through peer relations leading to an increase in self-esteem and a decrease in anxiety levels. Children will get opportunities to experience positive and negative emotions throughout theirRead MoreBenefits of Youth Sports1382 Words   |  6 PagesBenefits of Youth Sportsâ€Å"Sports do not build character. They reveal it,† said John Wooden, legendary UCLA basketball coach. Playing sports not only provides physical activity, but also other positive benefits. This is especially true for children. A well-structured and organized youth program will provide ben efits and positive experiences for young athletes. While children are having fun participating in sports they are also building character, learning to work as a team, and playing fairly. MostRead MoreThe Value of Sports on Youth Development Essay1213 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Sports is the most universal out-of-school-time (OST) activity among youths today. However, many of these youth are also participating in one or more OST activity in addition to a sports activity. Psychological studies on the value that youth sports offer to the positive youth development (PYD) of children have resulted in a vast array of conclusions which often contradict each other. Researchers often focus on the OST activities in general and less specifically on sports activity amongRead MoreWhat Children Learn in Sports1429 Words   |  6 PagesWhen I participated in a local youth sports football league years ago, every time I got done with a game or practice, the first thing my parents would ask me is if I had fun. The usual answer would come out of the 12 year old mind â€Å"Yeah†, and I never thought about this question until I made it to my high school years. Until then, I thought the only reason I did the sport then was to hang out with my friends, do something I al ways see college or professionals do, or to impress my parents or someoneRead MoreEssay On Sports And Sports725 Words   |  3 Pageseffects sports have on children? This question has a wide variety of answers. Some may say sports can help with intelligence, building relationships, and activity, while others see sports as overwhelming or dangerous. Sports can influence a child’s well being far greater than most can imagine. From their mental and physical development, to their bright futures, sports play an important role in a young boy or girl’s lifetime. Specifically, tennis is one of the best sports to support the development andRead MoreWhat Drives A Coach Winning Or The Development Of Players?1205 Words   |  5 PagesWhat drives a coach winning or the development of players? We as coaches have taken on a role of responsibility that means a lot to athletes, families and communities. Playing athletics of any sort will teach you many life lessons. But within any work force, you have to produce or make some form of progress. With that being said a major factor when it comes to coaching is, what do you value more? The development of your players or winning games to look good or satisfy some internal drive? Since

Biblical Worldview Essay Romans - 1197 Words

Biblical Worldview Essay One of most pivotal Pauline letters, Romans, is the culmination of Paul’s thoughts, convictions, and doctrinal teachings. It is therefore full of truth and wisdom pertaining to a biblical worldview on the topics of the natural world, human identity, human relationships, and culture. By examining these scriptures, revealed to Paul by the Lord, a greater understanding of a biblical perspective on these topics can be gained. Natural World Established in the very beginning verses of Genesis, the natural world is a topic of much discussion and contemplation throughout scripture. In Paul’s discourse to the Roman Christians, he wastes no time in addressing the natural world. In explaining his delayed voyage to†¦show more content†¦Firstly, Paul makes it abundantly clear than no man is good by his own strength, regardless if they are a Jew or Gentile. Due to the fall, none can be righteous before God. (Romans 3:10) Every person is a sinner and has failed to live up to God’s divine standard. (Romans 3:23) Yet God’s image is still in the hearts of mankind. Though sin has entered the world and morality has been distorted, the Creator’s moral character is woven into the hearts of humans. (Romans 2:15) This can be seen even now as those without faith still abide by a sense of inner morality, a true picture of the image of God within them. Yet sin is still a part of the h uman identity. However, Paul tells the Romans that, because of the sacrifice Jesus made on the cross and the justification of his resurrection, mankind can be made righteous. Just as it only took one man, Adam, for sin to enter the world, it only took one extraordinary man, Jesus, for man to be made righteous in him again. (Romans 5:19) Therefore, the human identity is redeemed through faith in Christ so that the sinful nature of man is no more; no longer enslaved to sin, man can be set free. (Romans 6:6-7) Yet this change in identity, from sinful to righteous, requires a response in the physicality of the human identity, as every part of the body must now be used for righteousness (Romans 6:19), even though the sinfulness of man’s flesh wars against righteousness.Show MoreRelatedBiblical Worldview Essay : Romans900 Words   |  4 PagesBiblical Worldview Essay Thesis Romans 1-8 teach there is only one way to eternal life. We are unable to accomplish this by our deeds or following laws. We are given the freedom to make choices that have consequences. We can choose to accept His grace and be forgiven, justified and continue growing to be more like Him or reject His offer. There will be no accepted excuses if we choose to reject it. Paul speaks to issues related to the natural world, human identity, human relationships and cultureRead MoreEducation Through a Biblical Worldview1046 Words   |  5 PagesBiblical Worldview Essay Christina Roberts L27520522 September 30th, 2015 INFT 101 Thesis In the book of Romans chapters 1-8, Paul vocalizes truths that are the foundation of a biblical worldview. Paul addresses certain components relating to the natural world, the human identity, human relationships, and culture. In this essay, I plan to compare and contrast Romans chapters 1-8 as it applied in Paul’s tie and mine. I believe Paul’s teachings encourages us to seek the truth of scriptureRead MoreBiblical Worldviews Of Romans And The Romans1067 Words   |  5 PagesBiblical Worldview Essay In this essay, I ll explore the Biblical worldviews of Romans 1-8 and my viewed opinions of all of the subject matters. On the other hand, I’ll aim to examine the sins committed by the Romans during the era of Paul’s generation and how in my opinion, these sins will continue to pledged to today’s society. Moreover, the Biblical Worldviews of the book of Romans illustrate God’s devotion to our daily lives. However, everybody’s worldwide as they see life, and that issueRead MoreBiblical Worldview : The Natural World861 Words   |  4 PagesBiblical Worldview Essay †¢ Introduction To understand what Paul message is to its readers in Romans 1-8, one must understand the definition of what is a ‘biblical worldview.† A biblical Worldview is defines as an overarching view of the world based on God’s revealed truth, the bible, which directs our life in the world (Cascade Christian School P.1). Once the reader understand such biblical worldview then the passage of Romans 1-8 come to life by teaching us in the areas of Natural World, HumanRead MoreWorldview Essay Of Romans 1 8 BIBL 110996 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Worldview Essay of Romans 1-8 Liberty University Online BIBL 110 Introduction In Paul letter to the Romans he provides for us a biblical view of creation, which is our natural world, our human identity as it relates to God, human relationship and how it should be understood and culture. He shows us God’s love for all mankind, regardless of nationality or cultural background through His saving grace found in Jesus Christ. He grants salvation to all by faith in His son, withRead MoreUnderstanding The Biblical Worldview Of The Bible Of Two Brothers, Jacob And Esau1089 Words   |  5 PagesUnderstanding The Biblical Worldview â€Å"There is a way which seemeth right unto a man, but the end thereof are the ways of death† (Proverb 14:12.) In order to fully comprehend this proverb, one must go back to the beginning of the Bible. There is a story in the Bible of two brothers, Jacob and Esau. This story begins in the book of Genesis with a man named Isaac, praying to the Lord on behalf of his barren wife Rebekah. The Lord answered Isaac’s prayer and Rebekah conceived. The Bible states that theRead MoreApostle Paul and The Good News1282 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿1 E. C. Mitchell BIBL 110 B11 LUO Biblical World View Essay September 15, 2014 Apostle Paul and the Good News Introduction Dr. Elmer Towns and his co-author Ben Gutierrez in their book â€Å"In Essence of the New Testament: A Survey† supports the idea and the importance of all Christians grasping the knowledge put forth in the book of Romans. Biblical educators such as Samuel Coleridge and Martin Luther holds Paul’s epistle to the Romans in high esteem (Towns Gutierrez, 2012). They refer to as â€Å"theRead MoreBiblical Worldview : The Education Field852 Words   |  4 PagesBIBLICAL WORLDVIEW ESSAY 2 When taking into consideration the fact that all of mankind was created in the image of God, the way you interact with others and the way we conduct ourselves in any situation is of significant importance. â€Å"The standard is that a believer should conduct his life in this earthly world by the principles God has bestowed upon him in the heavenly world.† (Towns, 2007) This also becomes especiallyRead MoreBiblical World View Essay949 Words   |  4 PagesBIBLICAL WORLD VIEW ESSAY BIBL 110 In The Essence of the New Testament: A Survey, Towns and Gutierrez, the authors concur with other Biblical scholars understanding that â€Å"the teaching of Romans is not only crucial for Christian theology, but the greatest revivals and reformations throughout the history of Christianity have resulted from an increased understanding and application of the teaching of this epistle† This essay will attempt to summarize how the first 8 chapters of this amazinglyRead MoreBiblical Worldview Essay1125 Words   |  5 PagesBiblical Worldview Essay Through examining Romans, chapters 1-8, we see Paul covers a variety of theological and apologetic information for the Christ followers. In writing to the followers in the church in the city of Rome He makes it clear he wishes he could visit them (Romans 1:8-17) but is writing this letter to clear up the dissension between an identity crisis between the Jewish and Gentile members of the church as to whether they were to live by the law or by grace. Through this letter

Essay on Business in China - 1030 Words

Before doing business in China, there’s a few things needed to know about this to-be home away from home for the company. A completely different world from that of the United States, this second largest supplier is as simple as our own in business etiquette, and a few simple things can go a long way. Social-cultural, economy, legal-political, and managerial differences are just a few categories of information to be taken into consideration when pursuing a business agenda in China. Social-Cultural The first rule of business in China stems from the social and cultural aspects of China, such as accepting them as a whole. This is the essence of business in China, because acceptance and understanding generates the groundwork for the whole†¦show more content†¦Also, while doing business, avoid negative phrasing, and leave a concerned approach as if no offer is off the table. Business is preferred face to face as opposed to over the phone, as well (Chinese Business Culture). In perspective, the real rules for social and cultural aspects of business in China is every day etiquette, as they appreciate relationships, kindness, and real consideration of all options to be offered when doing business. They will not accommodate you in the western way one might be used to, so it’s best to learn how to do business their way. Economy An ever-growing economy such as China is a large one to take on as a business looking to associate with them. This economy is the grounds for global growth at this point in time, as they are a major supplier all over the world. Beware when working with China however, that their economy is not free. They are free to communist directives, and other political influences. Business is largely a victim to corruption, as the law seeks little reform in a more liberalized economy, and fails to uphold contracts or other business deals (China Economy). Being a third largest export market, China has shown growth as much as 20% per year over the past five years, and many businesses have already greatly benefited from their success. With a large population hungry for products, they continue to grow at amazing rates, and have rather low rates of inflation to accompany their business (Facts about Business in China).Show MoreRelatedBusiness in China1131 Words   |  5 PagesNovember 29th, 2012 International Business Doing Business in China The role of government when doing business in China is very important. It is especially important if you are from a different country, such as the United States, because the approaches to dealing with the government are much different. There are many factors in which should be considered when dealing with business related issues with the government. These include whether or not your business strategies go along with the planRead MoreBusiness in China1188 Words   |  5 PagesBusiness in China 1. What challenges do foreign firms face when they seek to transfer their home management style to China? 2. Discuss the reform of Chinese state-owned enterprises and related government policy changes. Evaluate the impact within the state-owned businesses and the chinese society. Chinese management Doing business in China requires a throughout understanding of their management philosophy and practices. Their management style is different in many respects from mainstreamRead MoreBusiness Organization : China And China1303 Words   |  6 Pagesmight want to thank you for giving me the chance to compose a couple words about my study arrangement and my future prospects in China. I have dependably indicated readiness and unmistakable fascination in concentrating on Single man of Business Organization in China. There are numerous explanations behind which I have picked China to want examining my major. Initially, China is instruction well disposed nation and advancing advanced education in each conceivable way without separation of race, sexualRead MoreMaking Business in China1003 Words   |  5 PagesBauchà © INTERNATIONAL MARKETING China’s culture and business practices differ from Europe or even North American. As you start making business in China, having an understanding of Chinese business â€Å"etiquette† is important to your success. Knowing and practicing common customs will also help you to avoid embarrassment, and focus on the matters at hand on critical occasions. Appearance One of the most visible changes to the human landscape of China over the past few decades has been the change in dressRead MoreBusiness Skills in China618 Words   |  3 Pagesfor intelligent and younger citizens to become the 4th generation of The Communist Party of China. Along with many others Hu Jintao was chosen to be one of the future leaders. Before becoming one of the most important people in China, Hu Jintao learned the values of business. These business skills taught by his working-class father conveyed well into his style of running the country, like a business. Hu’s Aunt had been his primary caregiver through his mother’s passing when Hu was just 7. YearsRead MoreFun Business In China786 Words   |  4 Pages According to the 2016 China fan report, since 2004, an average of 40 million new fans have been added every year, and the number of Chinese fans has reached 470 million by 2016 (Song, 2017). Especially, funs spend money to express their enthusiasm, which accounts for about $330 billion of fun consumption in the young generation, according to the monthly consumption of fans. (Song, 2017). Although in spite of the large population of China, these data also surprised. And as we know, this situationRead MoreBusiness Expansion Into China819 Words   |  3 PagesBusiness expansion into China The Americans treat conception of self on self-reliance and self promotion is more accepted as they value freedom from external interference, while for the Chinese the conception of self is viewed from a group perspective and they value self modesty as well. The other difficulty will be the language barrier that may exists between the Americans and the China dwellers. It will be ethical for the company to hire translators who will enable the clients feel at ease andRead MoreThe Business Environment Of China Essay1105 Words   |  5 Pagesbackground of globalization and information technology, the China enterprise still face problems such as business environment. Some of the significant changes in the business environment of China includes: The conflict of centralized political and democratic requirements, the economy growth of ‘high speed’ and ‘low quality’ and the appreciation and depreciation of Ren Min Bi. All these changes in the business environment will affect the business as well. ï  ¬ The conflict of centralized political and democraticRead MoreChina Business Sme5201 Words   |  21 PagesChinas market reforms and accession to the WTO has led to its economy growing rapidly, to the point where it is now the fourth largest on earth, and is expected to be in the top two within the next decade (Business Monitor International, 2006). As a result, Chinas SMEs are now facing an economy flooded with foreign capital, and with a more open economic climate than in previous years, but also a much more competitive economy, where many of their previous practices are no longer relevant. This pieceRead MoreDoing Business In China Summary1605 Words   |  7 PagesPrior to reading the Harvard Business Review on Doing Business in China, I assumed that business was a universal thing around the world. I assumed that business was the same in all countries. I assumed that every country had the same end goals when it came to business. As a result, I assumed that all countries fo llowed a similar template for how business negotiations work. I was under the assumption that business was all about numbers and money; I didn’t expect to see so much energy focused on creating

Data Security Breaches for Problems and Solutions †Free Sample

Question: Discuss about the Data Security Breaches for Problems and Solutions. Answer: Introduction: On October 2015, hackers were able to gain access to T-Mobile and Experian data records. Following the attack, the two companies were sued by aggrieved customers whose records were severely exposed. In fact, according to Forbes Tech (2015), over 15 million customer records were exposed in the attack. So, why the two companies? T-Mobile uses Experian (a credit tracking company) to process its credit requirements including applications. Therefore, a breach of the records held by these companies exposed sensitive data on financial transactions. In essence, the data breach was conducted on Experian Plc. Servers where over 15 million T-Mobile customers had applied for credit applications. Moreover, the hack was an isolated incident that occurred over a short period of time. An exact time frame was never revealed, however, any customer who had applied for T-Mobiles post-paid products or services between the dates of September 2013 to 2015 was affected. Furthermore, the hackers mostly got away with personal data such as names, addresses, birthdays, social security numbers and military IDs among many others. However, the company noted that no other data was captured particularly those housing other financial records (Pagliery, 2015). How and why the breach occurred According to Krebs (renowned cyber security experts), Experian application portal was to blame for the attack. In his analysis, Krebs noted that Experians analysis and decision credit portal allowed users to upload any file attachment regardless of the type. Therefore, through these attachments, the hackers were able to upload malicious files that affected the companys database. Moreover, this type of attack is pretty common whereby attackers inject malware to an organisations database disrupting operations or as in this case harvest sensitive data. In addition to this, the attack was also aggravated by the fact that Experian did not request its users to subscribe to a username or password before uploading their files. In a nutshell, this meant any anonymous person could upload a file without any form of authentication or authorization (Wired, 2015). A quick analysis of the hack outlined the following; through the unprotected upload facility, the intruders gained access to the companys servers (Experian). Moreover, the said upload facility enabled malware to the uploaded into the system to harvest information however, the encryption method used to encrypt customer data was not provided, which raised more questions. Therefore, the breach may have occurred to acquire customer personal data but the intruder should have never been able to decipher the information. Moreover, the data was actually decrypted as noted by experts who claimed to have seen the data been auctioned in the dark web (Larson, 2015). Now, because of this outcome, the plaintiff to the lawsuit accused both companies of negligence as the information provided (in the dark web) placed the users (customers) at risk. However, even more, worrying was Experian solution to the problem which suggested an extended free service to the customers after a thorough assessment tha t needed the same customers to provide more confidential information (Pagliery). Information is the new currency of business, organisations spend heavily on protecting their data particularly that of their customers who rely on these organisations to protect them. This case study depicts a serious threat and vulnerability of cyber systems. To begin with, Experian and T-Mobile should have included thorough authentication as well authorization protocols before enabling its users to upload files. Moreover, if these functionalities were never in place, both organisations with their massive revenues should have done regular risk assessments to identify vulnerabilities in their systems (Bennett, 2013). Nevertheless, their existing approach could have been done to facilitate an easier transaction with their system however, a systems usability should never come at the price of security. At best a basic access control feature should have been incorporated. In addition to this, these organisations can enact information content management procedures where users encrypt their own personal data before uploading to the system. Commonly known as enterprise right management (ERM), this procedure encrypts documents and provide rules on who can access the said files (Verizon, 2015). Therefore, from the said encryption, files can transverse any network or communication channels without fear of compromise or intrusion. This outlook would have helped Experian whose customer records would have been safe regardless of the intruders accessing the files (encrypted with the access rules). On the other hand, T-Mobile should have included thorough security assessment as part of their acquisition process i.e. when partnering with Experian. This precaution would have identified the risks associated with Experian systems (Forbes 2015). Nevertheless, the major security violation, in this case, was a negligent system that exposed confidential data to the internet without any form of authentication. Experian should change its systems drastically to incorporate competent authentication procedures to their upload services. Moreover, they must conduct regular security assessment regardless of whether they face attacks or not (FTC, 2015). JPMorgan chase hack JPMorgan Chase, a renowned financial institution experienced one of the biggest security breaches in 2014. In the said attack, intruders gained access to over 100 million records of the companys customers. Moreover, this attack compromised more than one aspect of the organisations resources, this included household users, businesses and even charity branches of JPMorgan. In addition to this, the attack hacked several systems of the organisations publishers system which essentially affected the authenticity of the information produced (Crowe, 2015). According to JPMorgan, the intruders gained access to the companys servers accessing customers confidential information such as names, telephone numbers, and addresses. Furthermore, they also gained access to other sensitive information that was undisclosed at the time due to security outcomes. Nevertheless, despite this massive intrusion, JPMorgan held to the notation that the hack did not affect their financial records which maintained the accuracy of their banking details (Weise, 2014). Their evidence for this perception was based on the fact that no account files were compromised by the attack. Which meant, the intruders never gained access to the banks account numbers, IDs and social security numbers. However, this information was refuted by the New York Times who outlined the severity of the attack. In their report, the New York Times suggested that the intruders gained maximum access to JPMorgans systems through the authorization they acquired, which was the highest access lev el possible. In other reviews by Kerb (2015), the intruders acquired maximum privileges to over 90 servers owned by the financial institution across the globe. This outcome gave the hackers root access control over the organisations financial services including their confidential information, manipulation of accounts (open and close) and the ability to transfer funds. Therefore, when needed, the hackers could do whatever they wanted with minimal restrictions. However, as stated before, the organisations financial systems were unaffected despite the criminals extensive access which fueled the notation of future attacks through vulnerabilities left by the perpetrators. Today, reputable organisations like JPMorgan employ sophisticated security measures to avoid attacks such as the one seen in this case study. In the attack, one would expect an extensive and sophisticated attack technique sourced from the dark web, however, this intrusion was instigated by a simple if not negligent security flaw. First, the cybercriminals acquired an employees login (confidential) information. From this resource, they accessed the organisations systems and used them to manipulate other control information more so, the pump and dump resource for the online stock exchange scheme. Now, it is through this scheme, that the intruders gained massive earnings using the online processing systems that controlled services such as online gambling (Farrell Hurtado, 2015). Furthermore, the intruders used a clever access option to avoid detection in that they exploited the affiliate system linked to JPMorgans data. Therefore, through the stolen credential, they accessed different systems owned by the organisation across different branches in the world. To start with, they hacked websites owned by charity organisations hosted by JPMorgan. In fact, according to the final assessment, a charity website was the first intrusion point of the hack (Goldstein, Perlroth Corkery, 2014). Therefore through this intricate plan, the cybercriminals went undetected for many months while exploiting the vulnerabilities hosted by the institution. After the intrusions were detected many feared coordinated attack on United States systems, however, because of the simple security flaw, negligence was concluded to be the root cause of the problem. Solutions and Preventing the Attack At the beginning of the incidence, security experts thought that malicious malware sourced from the dark web was used to compromise JPMorgans systems, however, following a thorough assessment the credential flaw was discovered to being the problem. Again, as seen in the previous case study, JPMorgan needs to invest in competent security measures. First, on authentication procedures and secondly, on authorization policies. Yes, sensitive data was stolen (login credential) but the system should have had other extended protocols to identify the user without any reasonable doubt. A simple solution to this outcome would have been a multiple authentication procedures, where more than one variable is used to identify the users of JPMorgans systems (TRC, 2015). For instance, the login credential can be combined with biometric scanners to verify the user who requests access. Moreover, the login credentials should only have a limited access, where further authorization is needed to gain access to other extended systems. Finally, the access codes should also be limited and changed regularly to contain the losses just in case they fall into the wrong hands (Verizon, 2015). Nevertheless, another problem is also showcased by this case study, that of network vulnerabilities. Many organisations today face a considerable challenge in maintaining a strong security system throughout the year regardless of the business outcomes. This attack also went undetected because they organisation at the time focused on payment processes because it was at a turnover period. Therefore, minor systems such as charity websites were neglected which fuelled the attack (Valdetero Zetoony, 2014). Moreover, JPMorgan, as seen before, failed to assess its affiliate organisations during acquisition. Therefore, the organisation should also employ security assessments before acquiring and integrating new systems into their extended services (Forbes, 2015). In summary, JPMorgans attack could have been prevented with basic security measures, for one, employees should not have access information prescribed in their badges. Secondly, even if access cards are used, another variable should be used to authenticate the user e.g. a one-time password. Moreover, access must be limited across the system owned by the organisation, no one time pin should serve as a wholesome access to the companys system. In addition to this, regular assessments should be done to detect and identify system vulnerabilities or even existing threats such as the attack experienced (FTC, 2015). References Bennett. S. (2013). Data Security Breaches: Problems And Solutions. Jones day. Retrieved 14 April, 2017, from: https://www.jonesday.com/files/Publication/2dbb7406-ba13-4305-902a-8f2c65ef3d49/Presentation/PublicationAttachment/301495c5-31c8-4881-8202-9dd8665df004/TPL0812-Bennett.pdf Crowe. P. (2015). JPMorgan fell victim to the largest theft of customer data from a financial institution in US history. Retrieved 4 March, 2017, from: https://www.businessinsider.com/jpmorgan-hacked-bank-breach-2015-11?IR=T Farrell. G Hurtado. (2015). JPMorgan's 2014 Hack Tied to Largest Cyber Breach Ever. Bloomberg. Retrieved 4 March, 2017, from: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-11-10/hackers-accused-by-u-s-of-targeting-top-banks-mutual-funds Federal Trade Commission (FTC). (2015). Data breach response. A guide of business. Retrieved 14 April, 2017, from: https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/plain-language/pdf-0154_data-breach-response-guide-for-business.pdf Forbes. (2015). The Top 10 Security Breaches Of 2015. Tech. Retrieved 14 April, 2017, from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2015/12/31/the-top-10-security-breaches-of-2015/6/#4ae5d13e377a Goldstein. M, Perlroth. N Corkery. M. (2014). Neglected Server Provided Entry for JPMorgan Hackers. Deal book. Retrieved 4 March, 2017, from: https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2014/12/22/entry-point-of-jpmorgan-data-breach-is-identified/ Krebs. (2016). Hyatt Card Breach Hit 250 Hotels in 50 Nations. Retrieved 4 March, 2017, from: https://krebsonsecurity.com/2016/01/hyatt-card-breach-hit-250-hotels-in-50-nations/ Larson. E. (2015). T-Mobile, Experian Sued Over Data Hack Affecting 15 Million. Bloomberg technology. Retrieved 14 April, 2017, from: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-10-07/t-mobile-experian-sued-over-hack-on-15-million-customers Pagliery. J. (2015). T-Mobile customers' info breached after Experian hack. CNN Tech. Retrieved 14 April, 2017, from: https://money.cnn.com/2015/10/01/technology/tmobile-experian-data-breach/ TRC. (2015). Data breach report. IDT911. Retrieved 03 March, 2017, from: https://www.idtheftcenter.org/images/breach/DataBreachReports_2015.pdf Valdetero. J Zetoony. D. (2014). Data security breaches; incidence preparedness and response. Washington legal foundation. Retrieved 03 March, 2017, from: https://www.bryancave.com/images/content/2/2/v2/2285/DataBreachHandbookValdeteroandZetoony.pdf Verizon. (2015). 2015 data breach investigation report. Verizon enterprise solution. Retrieved 14 April, 2017, from: https://msisac.cisecurity.org/whitepaper/documents/1.pdf Weise E. (2014). JP Morgan reveals data breach affected 76 million households. USA today. Retrieved 4 March, 2017, from: https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2014/10/02/jp-morgan-security-breach/16590689/ Wired. (2015). Hack Brief: Hackers Steal 15M T-Mobile Customers Data from Experian. Retrieved 14 April, 2017, from: https://www.wired.com/2015/10/hack-brief-hackers-steal-15m-t-mobile-customers-data-experian/

Spanish Climate Change Policy for Fishery and Tourism Industry

Question: Discuss about theSpanish Climate Change Policy for Fishery and Tourism Industry. Answer: Introduction Changes in climatic conditions is a major determinant of tourists activities in different parts of the world. Tourists make decisions depending on the whether condition of a place. Climate change refers to the changes experienced in the weather patterns that further affects water bodies and land surface activities. It is a condition that can be long term or short term depending with the frequency of occurrence. Weather, on the other hand is the atmospheric state of a place. The weather can be described further by aspects such as sunshine, rain, heat or wind of a place. Tourists find it challenging at times since they expect specific climatic conditions but instead find the opposite weather conditions at the destinations. For instance, if the sea temperature increases, there will be a change in rainfall pattern as well. This will make some areas become drier while other will become more wet. This is an evidence that tourist activities will be affected either negatively or positively. It is, therefore, an important exercise for tourists to understand the weather pattern of a place before making decisions to travel. It is also evident that some fisheries stay deep below the water where temperature is very low while other are adapted to stay near the water surface where the water temperature is slightly warm. The change in the temperature of sea water will, therefore, affect the movement of mammals that live in water. Responses to climate change Changing weather patterns of a place affects tourists comfortability especially those who want to explore winter sport, beaches and nature segments. This also affects tourists travel decisions to a place of choice (Baker, et al, 2012). The Spanish government, which is the main beneficiary of the funds given by tourists argues that environmental experts within Spain and the weather men should give accurate information so that when tourists travel to Spain, they do not have to be disappointed by the weather conditions therein. On the other hand, meteorologists argue that weather pattern changes without notice. According to the change in climatic conditions within Spain also affects agricultural activities as well (Costello, et al, 2009). The overall effect is that tourists may avoid going to certain places within Spain or totally avoid Spanish lands due to the unpredictable weather patterns. When this happens, it only means a loss on the governments side since the revenue that is norma lly collected from such activities will not be collected anymore (Eriksen, et al, 2011). Business people whose personal income is directly or indirectly linked to the availability of tourists in Spain have put the government on toes about the effects. There is loss of job since the tourists are not flocking the Spains coastal regions. Most business people have based their businesses to the availability of tourists at coastal regions. This means that absence of tourists will render their businesses un-operational. Climatic change of a certain magnitude may make the existing tourists become uncomfortable hence opt to leave the country. Economically, this reduces the total revenue to the government more so from tourism sector. It is also evident that the total taxes collected from citizens will reduce drastically since many citizens are not employed anymore, they do not have any source of income and, therefore, they are not transacting in any way (Garnaut, 2011). Economically it means that there is no cash flow from such a sector, thus reducing the overall income Business people do like certain whether patterns since they bring positivity in tourism sector in Spain. For instance, the change in the speed of wind up to above 25 kilometers per hour, triggers boat racing activities (Gilley, 2012). This, therefore, attracts more people including the tourists who come in to take part in the exercise and give out money to the concerned people as exchange. However, some economic activities will not take place as needed since that speed of wind is dangerous and may cause destructions to buildings, structures and so on (Gore Robinson, 2009). Spread of diseases some diseases thrive and are only seen in warmer climatic conditions than in cold areas. Once people acquire diseases in different countries due to the climatic condition found there, they spread the disease to other destinations in their own mother lands. This is because the tourists travel frequently in different countries thus spreading the illness. This is one way in which countries that earlier on did not have cases of strange diseases end up with unknown or strange ailments. (Gssling, et al, 2012) For instance, mosquitoes that carry malaria are known to live in warm areas. However, malaria at times is reported to have attacked people who live in cold countries. This is normally due to the movement of people in and out of the countries. Once it is known by many tourists that a certain country is prone to illnesses, however how rich is such a county is in terms of tourists attraction sites and destination, they will simply not come (Hellmann, et al, 2008). Thi s means bad to the economy of a country. Tourists like and prefers destinations that are safe and free from any life threatening ailments. Malaria for example, is rampant in Spain due to the high temperature found there. Non-governmental organizations have taken part in the debate about climate change and its effects to the economy. Suggestions have since been forwarded for a proper action to be taken by the government (Jeswani, Wehrmeyer Mulugetta, 2008). In collaboration with other state departments, non-governmental organizations require the government to adopt climate adaptation program. An example of this program is aquaculture development. However, economic experts warn that the exercise may not work as planned and bring the impact that was intended. They say that climate adaptation will bring down the overall prices of food found from water (Jones Levy, 2007). This, according to the economists, may further bring down the revenue that comes with sea foods. However, these organisations point out that the government through economists in the land, need to expand their research on the same so that they be specific about the impacts, whether negative or positive, and to what extent the adaptation program be (Moss, et al, 2010). Climate change in Spain have been characterised by increase in the level of salt in sea water. This occurs due to the increased temperature of sea water as well. Some types of fish, especially those consumed by human being, are adapted to live in fresh water areas. Increased salinity in the aquatic habitat, therefore, means that some types of fish cannot, therefore, survive in such salty conditions. This leads to the death or migration of most of the fisheries that are needed for economic development (North, 2010). There are types of fisheries that live in salty water and can adapt to increased water temperature as well. An example is shark, which is another type of fish. Tourists are attracted to watch shark while moving along waters. They (shark) jump up at very high heights and can be seen by people standing at a distance place. Tourists, therefore, pay good money to be allowed to attend such activities and watch amazing move by the sharks (Qi, et al, 2008). This means that there are mixed reactions from people who need consumable fish to increase in number versus the people who value tourism activities. This is mainly because the two types of fisheries cannot survive under the same condition, one must eliminate itself and, therefore, affecting one side of the economy in the country. High concentration of dark clouds in the skies triggers heavy rainfall on the land. According to climate observers, too much on the rain may lead to floods as experienced before in Spain. When excess floods are experienced, a lot of destruction to both private and public property is evident. Among others, properties that get destroyed include but not limited to; semi-permanent house and permanent houses built on areas that are prone to land slide, destruction of tree, mass landslides which causes death to both humans and animals (Stern, 2010). Such a destruction causes economic downfall and stagnation to the country. This is because the Spanish government spend much time rebuilding the destroyed structure. A lot of money is also invested in such activities which, therefore, means that small savings that was available is being used to redo what had been done already. Economically, such a country ends up borrowing money form world banks or other financial institutions, depending on the level of destruction (Tol, 2009). This simply means that the country in question will have slow or stunted development rate. Non-governmental organizations, therefore, argue that the government need to train its citizens on the good places to put up house and business premises. According to them, they need the government to provide good lands that are fit for human habitat. However, the government may seem reluctant about the whole idea, citing lack of money and high cost of implementing the same to nearly quarter of its citizens (Weaver, 2011). Conclusion Climate change is a key player in economic development of a country. Spanish government have tried almost all means to maintain the economic stability of the country over time. However, due to the changing climatic conditions, the situation has not been easy to maintain though. Changes in climatic patterns may not be easy to predict as it used to be sometime back. This is attributed to the global warming that has since affected a better part of the world to date. According to reports by economists, change in climatic patterns and conditions do affect different sectors of the economy, with tourism and fisheries being the most areas of concern. Tourism plays a big role in economic development in Spain. Tourists pay large sums of money to enjoy attraction site within different towns in Spain, they pay individual people good sums of money to perform some traditional activities such as dances and singing and many more. This means that the presence of tourists in Spain have changed the liv ing standards of many communities over there and improved the livelihoods by a big margin. Due to this improvement, many non-governmental organizations have piled pressure on the government to implement ways to improve tourism sector in the country so that the lives of the local people and the economy of the country can continue improving daily. They also call on the government and all the concerned bodies (especially environmental sector) to come up with ways to reduce the carbon emissions into the air, which reports indicates that also contributes to the further deterioration of the economy. This is due to the carbon monoxide produced by the large number of vehicles that move around to transport tourists from one place to another. It should also be considered that these smoke contribute in the increase in water temperature and addition of salty compounds in to the water. This process is known to drive away the types of fish and other water bodies that are important for human activ ities and for the food purposes. Controlling the spread of dirty smokes across water bodies also mean that there will be reduced pile up of smoke that causes heavy downpour. There will be reduced cases of effects of flood cases and so the countrys economy will have stabilized over time. References Baker, I., Peterson, A., Brown, G., McAlpine, C. 2012. "Local government response to the impacts of climate change: An evaluation of local climate adaptation plans."Landscape and urban planning,vol.107,no.2,pp 127-136. Costello, A., Abbas, M., Allen, A., Ball, S., Bell, S., Bellamy, R., ... 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